Comets
When galactic antimatter enters our solar system, antimatter is called comets. The dusty-ice model of comets was dispelled when the European Space Agency spacecraft took pictures of Halley's Comet. The nucleus was blacker than coal except for the bright area where matter & antimatter annihilations were producing the light. A recent analysis of Borrelly's Comet has found that the nucleus exhibits no trace of water ice or any water-bearing minerals. Since water was observed in the comet's coma & tail, the water could have only come from the solar wind and interstellar dust particles.
Over the centuries, scientists have discovered hundred comets orbiting the sun from light produced from matter & antimatter annihilations. Within the last decade, scientists have also discovered hundreds of sungrazer comets orbit close to the sun.
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In
the picture on the left, the closer the
comet gets to the sun the brighter the comet's coma and tail becomes. The
size of the coma and tail increases with the increase in the amount of solar wind
& interstellar dust particles colliding
with the nucleus, and within the coma and nucleus of the comet.
We can observe the coma & tails from the from light produced from matter & antimatter annihilations. The coma and tails are a plasma containing the solar wind, electrically charged interstellar dust, comet ions, dust particles, & fragments. The tails points away from the sun and curves with the solar wind. |
When the solar wind & interstellar dust interacts with the comet's nucleus, we observe the coma, ion, hydrogen, & dusty tails as shown in the following pictures.
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Picture of Comet Hale-Bopp showing a blue plasma tail, by Peter Barvoets, April 1, 1997 |
The Nucleus ranges in size from a less than a kilometer to ten kilometers in diameter. The nucleus is composed of stony & iron antimatter. The solar wind & interstellar dust blast antimatter ions, dust particles & fragments off the nucleus. Interstellar dust particles can be observed as outburst on the surface of the comet & anti-tails. The comet's mass ranges from millions to billions of metric tons of antimatter. If a small asteroid hits the nucleus, the explosion may split the nucleus into fragments, which is what happened to the Comet LINEAR 1999 S4.
A Coma is a plasma composed of solar wind, interstellar dust, antimatter ions, dust particles, & fragments. As comet gets closer to the sun, the matter & antimatter annihilations increase; the coma gets larger from absorbing solar wind & interstellar dust; & the observed production rates increase. The observed water in the coma and tail comes from the solar wind and interstellar dust particles. The size of the coma increases as it gets closer to the sun and ranges between 1,000 to 100,000 kilometers in diameter.
The Tails are: Ion, Hydrogen, & Dusty. Ion tails are composed of high energy ions that are pointed direct behind the comet. Hydrogen tails are composed of hydrogen & anti-hydrogen and electrons & positrons that curve with the solar wind. Dust tails are compose of electrically charged solar wind, interstellar dust plus antimatter ions, dust and fragments. The length of the tails gets longer & bigger as the comet gets closer to the sun and range between a million to 100 million kilometers in length (distance from the earth to the sun).
During the last century, Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet broke up and the fragments. The collides with Jupiter produced 21 explosions equivalent to over 200 million Megatons of TNT. In 1908, a fragment from Encke's comet hit the earth's atmosphere in Russian Siberia and exploded with an energy of equivalent to over 30 Megatons of TNT.