Tails of Comets

The three comet tails are Ion, Hydrogen, & Dusty Tails. The tails increase as the amount of matter colliding with the antimatter comet increases. The closer the comet gets to the sun, the bigger the coma becomes and the longer the tails. The tail of Great Comet of 1843 extended more than 250 million kilometers. If the comet's nucleus were placed in the center of the sun the tail would have stretched passed the orbits of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

Ion Tails are composed of high energy ions that are ejected directly behind the comet from collisions between protons in the solar wind & interstellar dust and antiprotons & antineutrons in the nucleus of the comet.  They range in size from 10 ^-7 centimeters in diameter with a mass of 10 ^-21 grams to the sizes of antiproton and position. Their kinetic energy, mass, diameters, and matter-antimatter energy is shown below:

Hydrogen Tails  are composed of hydrogen & anti-hydrogen ions  and electrons & positrons that curve in solar wind. The kinetic energy, mass, diameter, & matter-antimatter energy are:

Hydrogen Tails (Matter & Antimatter Hydrogen)

Kinetic Energy (30 km/sec)	Mass (grams)	Diameter (centimeters)	Matter-Antimatter Energy
7.5 x 10 -12 ergs	1.67 10 -24	10 -8 cm	1.5 x 10 -3 ergs
4.1 x 10 -15 ergs	9.11 x 10 -28	10 -9 cm	8.2 x 10 -7 ergs

The energy released from matter & antimatter collisions is 200 million times larger than the Kinetic Energy of the particles [2 times (Speed of light divided by 30 kilometers/sec) 2 ].

Proton & Antiproton masses are 1.67 10 -24 grams & electrons & positron masses are 9.11x 10-28 grams

Dust Tails are compose of solar wind & interstellar dust particles and comet ions, comet dust particles & fragments that are blasts off the nucleus to produce comet ions, dust particles & fragments. Their kinetic energy, mass, diameter, & matter-antimatter energy are: 

Solar & Antimatter Dust Particles

Kinetic Energy (30 km/sec)	Mass  (grams)	Diameter (centimeters)	Matter-Antimatter Energy
4.5 x 10 9 ergs	10 -3 g	10 -1 cm	9 x 10 17 ergs
4.5 x 10 6 ergs	10 -6 g	10 -2 cm	9 x 10 14 ergs
4.5 x 10 3 ergs	10 -9 g	10 -3 cm	9 x 10 11 ergs
4.5 ergs	10 -12 g	10 -4 cm	9 x 10 8 ergs
4.5 x 10 -3 ergs	10 -15 g	10 -5 cm	9 x 10 5 ergs
4.5 x 10 -6 ergs	10 -18 g	10 -6 cm	9 x 10 2 ergs
4.5 x 10 -9 ergs	10 -21 g	10 -7 cm	9 x 10 -1 ergs

The energy released from matter & antimatter collisions is 200 million times larger than the Kinetic Energy of the particles [2 times (Speed of light divided by 30 kilometers/sec) 2 ].

When interstellar dust particles collide with the comet's nucleus, sometimes comet fragments are blast off and anti-tails are created that point directly toward the sun. Scientist have seen the fragments in the dusty tails and anti-tails.  A metric ton of TNT is equal to 4 x 10 ²² ergs or 4 x 10 ¹⁵ joules. Their kinetic energy, mass, diameters, and matter-antimatter energy are:

Comet Fragments

Kinetic Energy (30 km/sec)

Mass  (grams)

Diameter (centimeters)

Matter-Antimatter Energy

4.5 x 10 21 ergs	10 9 g (10 3 MT)	10 3 cm (10 m)	9 x 10 29 ergs
4.5 x 10 18 ergs	10 6 g  (MT)	10 2 cm (m)	9 x 10 26 ergs
4.5 x 10 15 ergs	10 3 g ( kg)	10 cm	9 x 10 23 ergs
4.5 x 10 12 ergs	1 g	cm	9 x 10 20 ergs
4.5 x 10 9 ergs	10 -3 g	10 -1 cm	9 x 10 17 ergs

If a small asteroid hits the center of the nucleus, the collision resulted in a matter-antimatter explosion that may split the comet into fragments.  Recently, a small asteroid collided with the Comet LINEAR 1999 S4 and split the comet into over a dozen antimatter fragments.

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